Homelessness in Boulder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 826 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Homelessness Essay Did you like this example? Homelessness in Boulder As of January 2017, the average number of homeless people were 550,000 in a night living in the United States of America, including those living in shelters. (MDHI, 2017). We chose this topic because we want to shed a light on the problem of homelessness in the U.S, more specifically Boulder Colorado. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Homelessness in Boulder" essay for you Create order Winters in Boulder Colorado can get very cold, with a low of 18 degrees Fahrenheit. There is a large population of homeless people that live on the streets in Boulder, and because winter is approaching fast, we want to help the homeless community stay warm throughout the long Winter season. On November 12th through November 16th, our group will be putting on a Winter Clothing drive to collect as many winter clothing items as possible before the weather gets too cold. Since we are setting up our clothing drive in November, we are aware that this is during the Holiday season, which will make it more difficult to get the citizens of Boulder to donate their money and time. While most parents are busy buying holiday gifts for their children and finishing up work, we believe it will be easier and more impactful for them to donate the clothing items that they already own. For our Winter Clothing Drive, we will be accepting jackets, hats, gloves, and scarves, in donation boxes, the will set up around the Boulder area outside of the University of Colorado campus. The donation boxes that we will set up will be in association with the Boulder Shelter for the Homeless (BSH), the First Presbyterian Church of Boulder (FPC), and the Pearl Street Mall (PSM). We hope to partner with the se organizations because we believe they can provide us with the best-structured resources to make the biggest impact we can in the Boulder area. In order to find out what is crucial for the homeless living in Boulder during the winter, weve created various survey questions designed to tell us exactly what they need most. For example, one of our survey questions is, What do you need the most for this upcoming winter season?, with the answers well receive from this question, we will be able to find what items we should be focusing on to collect. We are also planning on comparing our collected data from the survey questions to the 2017 PIT Summary for Boulder County. In the PIT Summary, it shows age, gender, ethnicity and how long they have been homeless. Our survey questions will provide us with primary data and will relate to the PIT summary data making it easier to compare our data. There are several devoted and experienced centers in Boulder that donate clothing to the homeless. The organizations such as those listed above continuously collect and distribute clothing. Since we do not have the resources to maintain a clothing drive for more than a week, we will turn in collected clothes to these seasoned non-profits for distribution. As for attracting support for our drive, we can compare our plans to other local clothing drives. According to the CU Coloradan, an alumni magazine, the CU Herd Organization hosts the annual Nearly Naked Mile. In this event, students strip down to undergarments and run across campus, while receiving clothing donations. In 2015, this yielded 1,540 articles of clothing (The Herd, 2015). The Herd uses their numbers and the draw of the theme of Nearly Naked to attract support for their cause. We will reach large numbers of people using various information distribution sources such as posters and Facebook. We will appeal to them using pa thos and logos. We will speak to the citizens of Boulder of the plight of the homeless, and give them statistics like those collected from the homeless themselves. We realize we cant completely solve Boulders homeless current situation with our week-long clothing drive, but we hope to help provide warmer clothes for those sleeping on the streets and increase their holiday spirit and overall attitude. After we execute this project, the people living in Boulder will realize how performing small deeds for the community of homeless people can really change their living situation, their outlook on the rest of society, and their happiness. This project will hopefully change the perspective of some of the population in Boulder and how they give back to some of the less fortunate people living around the city. Bibliography Metro Denver Homeless Initiative, 2017 PIT Summary: Boulder County Report. Boulder, CO: MDHI. (https://endhomelessness.org/homelessness-in-america/homelessness-statistics/state-of-homelessness-report/.) Accessed on October 11, 2018 The Herd, CU Around: Nearly Naked Mile. Alumni Association, 12 July 2018, www.colorado.edu/coloradan/2015/12/01/cu-around-nearly-naked-mile. Accessed on October 11, 2018 Hombs ME. American Homelessnes: A Reference Handbook. Vol 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO; 1994. https://search.ebscohost.com.colorado.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=truedb=nlebkAN=512site=ehost-livescope=site. Accessed October 11, 2018. Old Farmers Almanac. 2018 Long Range Weather Forecast for Boulder, CO. Old Farmers Almanac, www.almanac.com/weather/longrange/co/Boulder. Accessed on October 11, 2018

Excessive Suspension of Disbelief Raymond Jeans La...

Excessive Suspension of Disbelief: Raymond Jeans La Lectrice When I begin a class in fiction or poetry, I always talk for a few minutes about the various purposes of literature: escape, didactic, and interpretive. I tell my students that escape literature is a wonderful way to forget our problems for a while (less dangerous than drugs, alcohol, careless sex, or driving), but that escape literature can be harmful if one expects ones personal life to be as exciting, successful, or romantic as that in escape fiction. As Meg Ryans friend says to her in Sleepless in Seattle, You dont want to be in love. You want to be in love in a movie. Thus my title, Excessive Suspension.... In The Literary Work of Art (1931, trans. 1965),†¦show more content†¦It involves mentally perceiving the person, object, or action that is represented by a word or phrase. When one hears or reads the word cat, one mentally pictures a cat. At this level the reader recognizes what the words and sentences signify, but perceives only that which is specified. When one reads See Jane. See Jane run, one sees Jane and the running, but may not think of Janes surroundings or world. All of the lectrices listeners respond at this level. These first three levels are the ones by which we learn about words and how to read when we are children and the ones by which we learn to access a foreign language. These three steps are essential to ones being able to read and understand a text. The fourth level involves filling in or constructing the whole picture of Jane running-on a sidewalk, by the grass, in front of a white house, etc. (When I talk to my students about this level I say, A cat ran up the tree and then ask several of them the size and color of the cat, the kind of tree, etc. Their answers vary greatly because they have filled in different worlds around the cat. At this level, the readers experience is like looking through a window at a scene or incident. One sees all that is going on, but one doesnt participate in it

13 Original Colonies free essay sample

The 13 original colonies in the US is important in the American history because of the culture, historical events and the war of independence/ declaration of independence. Introduction: History is the beginning of the present and the future, without the 13 original colonies, America would not be the same. The 13 original colonies are important part of the American History because of the culture, historical events and the declaration of independence. Historical Events: 1619: House of Burgesses(Virginia) The first historical event was The Virginia House of Burgesses which happened in Virginia. The House of Burgesses was when the first government representatives was made by the American Colonies. The representative group consisted of 22 members, including the governor, 6 cabinet members and 15 representatives from various locals. The famous burgesses were George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and many more. (George Washington- 1st President of America, Thomas Jefferson- 3rd president also the author of the Declaration of Independence, Patrick Henry- famous for his line Give me liberty or give me death from the opposition speech to the Stamp Act of 1765) 634: Pequot War The war started in 1634. We will write a custom essay sample on 13 Original Colonies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Pequot War was the conflict between Native Americans Indians called the Pequot tribe and the New England settlers with their Indian allies, the Narragansett and Mohegan tribe. The causes of the war were trespassing(colonists invaded Pequot tribes area), and gainful trading(the colonist were attracted by the gainful trading to the are of the Pequot tribe. The Pequot war ended after 4 years(1638), the results was not good because the Pequot tribe lost. They were forced to sign a Treaty of Hartford( removal of the Pequot name). Many of them died. Those who survived got sold into slavery. 1770: Boston Massacre(Massachusetts) Great Britain lost the war of Stamp Act of 1765( the british were forcing american colonist to pay tax). Even though they lost this war they were still persistent of gaining control over the colonies. Then they made a new law stating that they had the right to state laws regarding the colonies. After a year, the british implemented new taxes for tea, paper, clothes and glass. This angered the American colonies and refused to pay those taxes. This made the british officials called for military to back them up. In a beautiful winter day of 1770, an event called Boston massacre happened. a small group of american colonies mocked the soldiers by throwing snowballs at them, in return the soldiers opened fired and two of the colonies died. Then it became bloody afterwards. 1773: Boston Tea Party(Massachusetts) Boston tea party is about angry, frustration and rebellion of American colonies. The American colonist disguised themselves as Mohawk Native Americans and boarded on three British ships, (dartmouth, eleanor, beaver). Those Native Americans threw away 342 packages of British tea into Boston harbor on december 16, 1773. The colonies boycotted tea because they do not want to pay the tax. Conclusion: Without the historical events during the colonization in America, there would still be high tax rate in products, no constitution and America would still be under british commandment. Without those who stand against conquerors, America would have not become independent.

Montage and New Wave Film free essay sample

The differences between soviet montage and French new wave cinema are interesting and many. Both genres of film seek to create contrast between adjacent shots via discontinuity editing, but subtle differences in their editing styles allow this contrast to produce very different results. In French new wave editing is used to both draw the audience in, and push them away, it draws the audiences attention and inspires distaste. Soviet montage on the other hand uses editing not as a method of controlling the audiences focus, but as a way to create ideas. An analysis of the editing in the Godards â€Å"Breathless† and Eisensteins â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† will highlight these different effects. In â€Å"Breathless†, the first use of editing to keep the audiences attention is in the scene where Micheal shoots the cop. In this scene Goddard makes use of editing to twist and distort time. The audience hears the cop tell Micheal â€Å"Stop, or ill kill you† in a calm voice at nearly the same time that Micheal cocks the gun. We will write a custom essay sample on Montage and New Wave Film or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Immediately thereafter we jump cut to Micheal firing the gun and jump cut again to the police office falling to the ground as he is shot. From a narrative point of view it is understood that these events do not take place so close to each other. The events happen in much too quick a succession to mimic reality. The jump cuts elapse time in an odd uncomfortable manner. It can be argued that this is jarring, and distasteful, but it is exactly this jarring and distaste that makes this scene so fascinating. Rushing through the event which is clearly the inciting action of the film (flying in the face of CHC) yields a certain fascination with this scene that typical CHC could not hope to match. An effect similar to the one described above is present in the scene where Micheal and Patricia track down Micheals money in the taxi. This exemplifies the use of new wave editing to focus the audiences attention on the visual. In this scene, the visual difference between shots is minimal. If one were to imagine it without the jump cuts it would be long and monolithic but the prolific use of jump cuts counters this would-be-dullness. Once again the jump cuts elapse time and quickens the pace of the scene artificially. The audience hears Micheal barking orders at the drive in succession that is faster that he speaks in the story, and they understand that this artificial fast precisely because of the jump cuts and he obviousness in which they are presented. In this way Goddard is able to present a potentially long and dull car ride in the story much faster in the plot. Unlike the previously discussed scene, this scene does not quicken the pace past the point of comfort, it is intentionally fast paced and helps to excite the audience. First lets take the Odessa Steps scene from â€Å"Battleship Potemkin†. This scene feels almost as if it is a CHC film. Shots are spliced together smoothly and invisibly. The audience is never jarred by

Theories on Causes of Financial Crisis

Table of Contents Introduction Causes Effects Recommendations Conclusion Introduction Financial crisis is a term used to refer to a situation in which the value for money goes up hence attracting high demand. This in return increases its supply. It entails unstable financial markets in which the currency flow is limited and hence affects households and businesses. In other words, the demand and supply of goods and services is disrupted. Many economists have developed theories on causes of financial crisis and how it can be avoided.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theories on Causes of Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Causes Mortgage lending is one factor associated with financial crisis. This is because earlier on the institutions dealing with the mortgages did so at low interest rates for high priced houses. In addition, the conditions involved were favorable to many people. This led to many people taking this mortgage loans yet they could not afford. A financial system shock disrupted the situation and the prices of the houses fell and many people could not pay their loans. The institutions therefore experienced liquidity issues. This caused such business to be risky and not many people could invest in them. There are those factors that are not related to subprime mortgage market but have contributed immensely on the financial crisis. They include small banks, agents providing loan security, investment procedures by the government and other financial institutions lending and proving securities for the same. Effects Financial crisis has led to collapse of many businesses, high rate of unemployment hence poverty as well as reduction in government revenues. Moreover, slow economic growth characterized by decreasing stock market and weak currency. Most of the economies have continued to decline and financial institutions have continued to suffer. For this reason, there is limitation on the circulation of currency. Moreover, the interest rate on the loans from the banks has increased. It has also resulted to many economies especially those that are developing to seek help from financial institutions such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). In addition, their policies and conditions put in place by these institutions are harsh and thus continue to weaken these economies. Financial crisis has an impact on the business in that it hinders export of goods and services hence increasing the demand for them. The high demand and low supply on the other hand affects trade because it decreases purchasing power for many people.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations Financial crisis can be averted using various tools. For example the governments should control such a situation by decreasing interest rates. This can be achieved b y directing the currency back into the banking system. This would ensure that market liquidity is supported and at the same time encourage currency flow. Mitigation measures should also include reviewing policies in order to reduce the negative impacts on the economies. Favorable policies should be implemented so as to correct the situation. For example trade policies ought to change and regulations be revisited. The policy and the regulations should be based on the accurate information about market. In addition, financial institutions should be funded in order to act as security during crisis. Conclusion Financial crisis is characterized by unstable markets. It can occur in any economy and when it does, numerous effects are felt. Financial crisis can be caused by various activities in the economy. Many economies therefore try at all cost to prevent it. They do so by regulating the interest rates on the loans and increasing the purchasing power of the people. The demand and supply o f goods and services is also controlled. This essay on Theories on Causes of Financial Crisis was written and submitted by user Jaidyn Mooney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Doing Business in Japan

Doing Business in Japan FACTS STATISTICSHistoryDuring the 1500's, Japan was divided and at war with itself. Three leaders came along, the first being Oda Nobunaga, who is known for being merciless. He showed no mercy to his adversaries and, through this ruthless approach, helped end the wars and created a foundation for peace. Vying for control and assuming leadership after Nobunaga was Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was known for his intelligence. He built social structure and earned respect as a true leader. Gaining control after Hideyoshi was Tokugawa Iyeyasu. He had waited almost four decades for his turn as Shogun and, through patience and perseverance, the rewards finally came.(Meyer)For the next 200 years, Japan endured a period of isolation from foreign influence. After the 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa with the US, Japan opened its ports, beginning a period of industrialization and modernization. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, Japan became a regional military power, defeating the forces of both China and Russia.Figure 3Japan then occupied the smaller surrounding countries of Korea and Taiwan. Upon its occupation of Manchuria in 1931, Japan proceeded to launch a full scale invasion of China. Following its defeat in World War II, Japan recovered to become an economic power and ally of the US.GovernmentJapan's form of government is parliamentarian democracy under the rule of a constitutional monarch. The Prime Minister is the chief government officer although Japan's emperor continues to retain his throne as a symbol of national unity. However, the true governing power resides in its legislature, also known as the National Diet. The legislature consists of the House of Representatives and House of Councilors. The House of Representatives is responsible for passing bills and is considered the more powerful of the two branches. There are 480...

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Principles of Economics - Essay Example At ceteris peribus, an increase in the prices of alcohol will cause a fall in the quantity demanded and consumed of a product (Becker, 2001). This would help mitigate the economic impacts of over consumption of alcohol. However, the economists must put into consideration the fact that the demand curve of alcohol is normally inelastic given the fact that it is addictive. They therefore have to realize that an increase in the tax level may lead to a small decline in the quantity of the product consumed. The second option that can be pursued by an economist is moral persuasion. In this case, economists will prefer explaining the marginal cost and marginal benefits of consuming alcohol. In this case, the marginal cost will be higher than the marginal benefits hence economists will promote campaigns against the use of alcohol (Frank & Bernanke, 2007). They will therefore influence the enactment of legislation to bar teenagers from using alcohol; limit the number of drinking hours among ot her measures that reduce the consumption level. When some drugs are prescribed for use, they will influence the demand and supply of other products. For instance, the demand for products used in the manufacture of a drug will increase if the quantity of the drug prescribed has been increased. ... The elasticity of the two curves will determine the effectiveness of the policies formulated to regulate the performance of the economy. A shift in the supply curve will lead to a change in the new equilibrium point. If the demand curve were inelastic, a huge shift in the supply curve would result into relatively small changes in the equilibrium price (Boyes & Melvin, 2008). Elasticity of the demand curve will therefore influence the economic impact of the shift in the supply curve. For instance, a shift in the supply curve would only result in an increase in the equilibrium price if the demand curve were perfectly inelastic. Policymakers will therefore determine the effectiveness of their decisions when considering the steepness of the demand curve (Frank & Bernanke, 2007). Similarly, the elasticity of the supply curve will influence the net effect of a shift in the demand curve. Where the supply is inelastic, a shift in the demand curve will cause little or no change in the equilib rium quantity because even with an increased demand, suppliers will not be able to expand the quantities supplied. Prices will therefore increase but the quantity supplied will remain relatively constant. The elasticity of either the demand and supply curves are normally important when formulating policies aimed at influencing economic performance i.e. the government can increase the taxes imposed on goods with inelastic demand because this would not significantly affect the amount of the good consumed (Becker, 2001). For an increasing cost industry, entry of a new firm will result in an increase in the unit cost of production. When a firm enters the market, it will cause the prices of the resources used in

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay Example Within the six years, the company has opened subsidiaries in Germany, Scandinavia, France, Ireland, Alpine, and Benelux. The company invests heavily in motivating its staff, and, as a result, it has the lowest rate of staff turnover and receives numerous job applications annually (Food manufacture.co.uk, 2005). This case study examines how the management of Innocent Drinks applies different motivation theories within its organisational structure to build the highly motivated and winning team. Application of Motivational Theories in Workplace The remarkable success of Innocent Drinks is a reflection of the company’s organisational structure and culture. The company’s management places emphasis on staff motivation, but, unlike other contemporary organisations, it integrates motivational theories with a personalised approach that caters for the needs of every employee in the organisation (Food manufacture.co.uk, 2005). The importance of highly motivated staff cannot be ove remphasised in the contemporary organisations. Consequently, organisations apply different motivational theories in order to enhance performance and commitment of the employees to achieve the company’s strategic goals. ... In regard to this theory, human beings have five hierarchical needs, and when one of them is satisfied, people become motivated to achieve other unmet needs (Shaw2007, p.92). In an organisation set-up, it is important for the management to identify the unmet needs of every employee in order to devise methods of motivating them. The five needs in Maslow’s theory are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualisation. Physiological needs include food, clothing, and other necessities (Thomas, 2000, pp.34-36). When physiological needs are fulfilled, the person’s need for safety becomes more urgent, and the sequence continues until the person attains self-actualization. Hertzberg’s motivation theory is also based on meeting the needs of the employee. The theory classifies employees’ needs into two categories, namely motivational and hygiene needs (Robbins, 2001, p.73). Motivational needs include opportunities that enhance achievement, recognition, ex citing assignments, responsibility, and growth and development of the employee. Hygiene factors include relationship with the supervisors, colleagues, compensation, the organisations policy, and administration in addition to the prevailing working conditions. Reinforcement theory emphasises on the role of rewards and punishment in influencing motivation of the employees. Expectancy theory affirms the critical role that inherent characteristics in an employee play in influencing motivation. These include personality, experience, and skills (Robbins, 2001, pp.106-117). In any working place, workers have different needs and interests, and the most challenging work for managers is establishing

Critical Analysis of Locke's Representative Realism and Berkeley's Essay

Critical Analysis of Locke's Representative Realism and Berkeley's Subjective Idealism - Essay Example However, some phenomena are best represented using the theory of realism, while other phenomena are best represented by idealism. An example of which is when attempting to understand the basis of phenomena that are usually labeled as miracles, magic, spontaneous healing, or shamanism. The best theory to adopt in this case is that of idealism. So in practice, a thinker will determine what phenomena are most essential to him, and then support the theory that he deems best to interpret them. In Berkeley’s point of view, all thoughts, passions and ideas exist within the mind, while anything that is outside of the mind is unintelligible. His claims is such that it is impossible for us to ever come to know what is outside the mind, and so, we cannot even think about it. This claim would then entail that anything that is outside of mind has no meaning for us. If something is outside of the mind, it means that we are incapable of receiving any sensory input and any sensations from it. This entails that we are incapale of even perceiving it because we cannot detect it in any way. Sensations are meaningless except to the mind that receives them. All the ideas that we have of objects are derived from sensation and so are set within mind. Objects necessitates a mind to perceive them. It is impossible for us to imagine any sensible thing or object distinct from the sensation or perception of it. While imagination, on the otherhand, is based on what we have already seen. In this view, even mythical ideas such as centaurs, which we have never seen but can imagine, are made up of a collage of other ideas that we are capable of perceiving. The sensations of objects are indivisible from the ideas of them. Berkeley further insists that even though objects exist, they are not made up of an independent medium called matter. The existence of these objects is dependent only on their being perceived by an observer. A mind connects only to other minds while ideas can only relate other ideas. However, if Berkeley is right, if an object did exist that was not related to mind, which means that it would have to be an unthinking thing, then how could it form a mental image in us? If an object is not related to the mind, then it cannot affect our mind in much the same that for an object to affect our mind, it must be a mental product first. In opposition to Berkeley's views, â€Å"Representative realism† is Locke’s view that we experience objects indirectly through â€Å"representations† wherein the mind represents the world, but does not duplicate it. Primary qualities are measurable using numbers such as those of sizes and weight. Relativism is the view that no one can have perfectly objective knowledge. â€Å"Objective† in this context is defined as being â€Å"the same for everyone.† Secondary qualities, on the otherhand, results from the interaction of sense data with our sense organs, meaning they are â€Å"subjectiveâ⠂¬ . They correspond to nothing about the world as it is, but only about the world as it seems to each of us individually and privately. Locke claims that all knowledge comes from the senses and because each individual has a unique set of sense experiences, no two people will have exactly the same sense experiences. If knowledge comes only from the senses, no two people will have the same knowledge, and as long as people ground their beliefs in their sense data, nobody’

Effects of Flying on Cavities

Effects of Flying on Cavities Aviation dentistry – New Horizon, New Challenge Abstract: After the innovations in aviation at the beginning of the 20th century, many in -flight pathologic and physiologic conditions were reported. Changing atmospheric pressure, especially if it is rapid, can cause discomfort and damage to the oral cavities and maxillofacial areas unless the pressure within these cavities containing gas is able to equilibrate with the external air pressure. Out of these conditions- barodontalgia (pain due to gas entrapment) and barotrauma (pressure induced tooth fracture, restoration and tooth fracture) was most frequently seen to occur. Due to partial pressurisation of aeroplanes cabins and improvement in dental techniques and oral health awareness, prevalence of flight-related oral manifestations has declined. It is important for the dental practioners to be familiar with these facts and not to neglect dental education with respect to aviation. Aircrew patients as well as air passengers often make it challenging for the dentist to treat several flight-re lated conditions. Correct diagnosis should be made before these conditions lead to serious complications. With thorough practice and experience, the aircrew are now able to avoid, or treat, these pressure related problems. Keywords:Â  Barodontalgia, Barotrauma, Aviation Dentistry. INTRODUCTION It is a known fact that at higher altitudes there is a reduction in air density and air pressure.The decrease in pressure is that at 18,000ft, air pressure is half that of that at sea level and at 33,000 ft. it is quarter as seen at sea level.1 This reduction in air pressure has a many negative effects on aviators. When an aircraft is at a high altitude, atmospheric pressure will be too low but inside aircraft pressure is maintained such that it is comfortable for crew and passengers. The pressure and temperature regulation in aircraft is done by means of aircycle machines and outflow valves.2 During flight, the aircrew is responsible for the lives of the aircrew members and passengers for completing the flight successfully. Any problem within the flight could lead to failures in the flight’s safety. 3 Dental practice and education is evolving with technological advancements. The focus is now on prevention. With the advanced expansion in the airlines industry with air travel now being the chief mode of transport, special attention must be paid towards the crew members and air travellers.4 Aviation dentistry primarily deals with the oral and dental health status of the aviators. It deals with the diagnosis, principles of prevention and treatment, disorders or conditions which are related to the oral cavity and maxillofacial area and their impact on those who travel in such an environment where there is change in pressure than that of the normal atmospheric pressure.5 Several areas of the body normally contain gas which includes the lungs and air-passages, the sinuses of the face, the stomach and bowel, and the middle ear cavity. Gas may be present in other areas of the body under abnormal circumstances such as the gas produced when a tooth abscess forms, or sometimes under a tooth’s filling. 2 A person in flight is subjected to reduced air pressure.Here, the gas present within the body will expand. This is not a problem if the gas communicates freely with the outside (as with the mouth, nose, and to a degree the sinuses and the middle ear cavity). The gas merely expands and escapes to the outside atmosphere. But if the gas doesn’t communicate freely with the outside, its expansion will cause a build-up in pressure on the cavity walls causing discomfort .It can even impair the function of the organ involved .6 Large changes in altitude can cause toothache (Barodontalgia = pressure-tooth-pain). The reason this occurs is either the presence of small pockets of gas in deep (usually unlined) fillings, or collections of gas in areas of decay, gum inflammation, or root abscesses where the pain can be quite severe.7 Due to infrequent meals, the aircrew members may suffer some gastro- intestinal problems too.8 With practice and experience aircrew are able to avoid, or treat, these pressure related problems .5 We as dentists should prevent the creation of in-flight hazards when we treat aircrew members and frequent flyers. BAROTRAUMA Barotrauma refers to injury sustained from failure to equalize the pressure of an air-containing space with that of the surrounding environment. The most common examples of barotrauma occur in air travel, scuba diving , hyperbaric oxygen therapy or exposure to shock waves from an explosion .9 It is a tissue injury seen due to changes in pressure, wherein the gas compresses or expands which is present in various hard or soft body structures. In cases where there is increased pressure outside the body, this pressure is equally transmitted throughout the blood and body tissues, which do not compress because they are composed mainly of liquid. However, gases (such as the air inside the lungs, sinuses, or middle ears) compress or expand as outside pressure increases or decreases causing pain, numbness and damage to the involved tissue. 5,10 Barotrauma of non-dental origin Barotrauma can commonly affect the ears which is also called aero-otitis or Barotitis .11 It is observed that plane landing leads to extreme pain in the ear (the pressure change can create a vacuum in the middle ear that pulls the eardrum inward causing pain), dizziness (vertigo), bleeding or fluid coming from the ear (due to a ruptured eardrum) and ultimately hearing loss.12, 13 Risk of barotrauma is increased by conditions that prevent air from freely flowing between spaces, such as sinus congestion or blockage of Eustachian tube or any other upper respiratory tract infection.14 It may impair the balancing function of the Eustachian tube, thus predisposing the individual to barotrauma. However, pulmonary barotrauma is the most serious amongst the other types of barotrauma. Pulmonary barotrauma may cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and feeling of fullness in the chest, pain that radiates to the neck and/or shoulders, light-headedness, seizure or coma. Potential complications can include pneumothorax and stroke. Measures that can help prevent pulmonary barotrauma include ascending slowly and breathing during ascent .15 High altitudes can also cause acute or chronic inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses, mainly the frontal sinus . This is produced by the development of a pressure difference (usually negative) between the air in the sinus cavity and that of the surrounding atmosphere .This condition is termed as Barosinusitis, Sinus barotrauma, Aerosinusitis or Sinus squeeze .14 Normally, there is no air pressure differential between the sinuses and the outside environment. Barosinusitis can occur and be manifested as toothache (indirect barodontalgia)16. Vacuum created inside the sinus may also seem to cause damage to the ethmoid cell mucosa which may trigger the ethmoid nerves (branches of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve that innervate the mucosa on the inner surface of the sinus).This may lead to orbital and/or peri-orbital headache. 17 To prevent the above risks from occurring, it’s better to postpone the flight for people suffering from a cold or congestion . Using a decongestant could help in some cases. To relieve the pressure during take-off and landing sucking candy, chewing gum, yawning or breathing with the mouth open can be beneficial .Usage of filtered earplugs can help to slowly equalize the air pressure against the eardrum. Since one does not swallow enough during sleep, keeping awake during descent can also prove helpful. Barotrauma of dental origin BARODONTALGIA Barodontalgia is an oral (dental or nondental) pain caused by a change in barometric pressure in an otherwise asymptomatic organ. Gases are confined within the closed spaces due to which it is unable to contract to adjust the internal pressure. Individuals experience pain which may be sharp or squeezing in nature. Whether the pain occurs during ascent or descent depends entirely on the related pathology. 5 Generally, pain on ascent is related to vital pulp disease (i.e., pulpitis) and pain on descent to pulp necrosis or facial barotrauma .Pain related to periapical disease can appear during ascent as well as descent.9 The pain usually ceases when returning to onset level or ground atmospheric level but can last longer if caused by periapical disease or facial barotrauma. Barodontalgia is a symptom rather than a pathologic condition itself. In most cases, it is an exacerbation of pre-existing subclinical oral disease.18 Several suggestions to explain the pathogenesis of barodontalgia were given. Strohaver 19 in 1972 advocated the differentiation of into direct and indirect types. In direct barodontalgia, reduced atmospheric pressure leads to direct effect on the affected tooth, whereas in the indirect type, dental pain is due to the stimulation of the superior alveolar nerves at the time of maxillary barosinusitis. Direct barodontalgia is characterised by moderate to severe pain, which usually develops during take-off. It is well localized and the patient can identify the involved tooth whereas indirect barodontalgia is a dull, poorly defined pain that generally involves the posterior maxillary teeth and develops during landing. Exposure to altered atmospheric pressure is obviously a significant factor resulting in pain production in barodontalgia with disease of the pulp as one of the probable cause. Ferjentsik et al 20 stated that normal pulp tissue would not produce pressure associated pain, regardless of whether restorations or caries were present. However, Hodges 21 has reported that dental pain could be produced in apparently healthy teeth when the atmospheric pressure was increased. Experimental research indicates that barodontalgia may depend on an increased pulpal pressure induced by pressure variations in the permeability of the dentinal tubules. Kollmann W (1933) said that barodontalgia could be due to expansion of trapped air bubbles under a restoration or against dentin that activates the pain receptors. 22 It could also be due to stimulation of nerve endings in an inflamed pulp or stimulation of nociceptors in the maxillary sinus with referred pain to the teeth. BAROMETRIC TOOTH EXPLOSION It was reported that teeth with pre-existing leaked restoration or remaining/recurrent caries lesions underneath restoration led to tooth explosion when exposed to changes in atmospheric pressure.23 This condition is known as Barometric tooth explosion, Barodontocrexis or Odontocrexis. Although the destructive potential of arrested or remaining carious lesions in daily life is minimal, it seems that these lesions may not be as asymptomatic or minimal in a pressure-changed environment. Calder and Ramsey 24 reported that all the damaged teeth either had poor quality of amalgam restorations with unfavourable clearance between the tooth and the amalgam or secondary caries under the restoration. Odontocrexis can potentially lead to severe pain, swallowing of the tooth fragments or even their aspiration. 25 Patients should be advised not to fly while having provisional restorations or temporary cement in their mouth. Leaky or faulty restorations should be diagnosed and replaced. Carious lesions should also be excavated and restored. Placement of cuspal coverage crowns could also be a preventive measure. PROSTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS Lyons et al. studied the retention of crowns to extracted teeth in environmental pressure changing conditions. The crowns cemented with glass-ionomer cement or zinc phosphate cement had reduced retention with the tooth. Crowns cemented with resin cement did not have reduced retention.26 This can be due to porosities incorporated at the time of manipulation of zinc phosphate cement and glass-ionomer cement. These microporosities expand and contract upon pressure changes leading to a weakened cement . 25 Microleakage was also detected in zinc phosphate and glass-ionomer cements after pressure changes , whereas no microleakage was detected in resin cement.27 Reduced barometric pressure can reduce the retention of full removable dentures (especially maxillary dentures) 28 Retention by osteointegrated dental implants is the best solution for edentulous fliers.4 RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY Pure oxygen inhalation may cause corrosion of dental amalgam restorations in cases due to increased percentage of oxygen.29 Differential thermal contraction in cases of low temperature of a high altitude environment is seen of amalgam materials as compared with tooth hard tissue. Harvey30 reported that cold temperature is unlikely the dominant mechanism underlying dental fracture. Excessive occlusal forces was also a factor in dental restoration dislodgement .Sognnaes, suggested that clenching or grinding of teeth was a causative factor for restorative failure.18 ENDODONTIC CONSIDERATIONS Although not evidence based, Rossi 31 contraindicated direct pulp capping in aircrew patients and recommended endodontic treatment in each case of suspected invasion to the pulp chamber in order to prevent sub-acute pulpitis or silent pulp necrosis and their potential barometric pressure-related consequences. Open unfilled root canals may cause leakage of the intracanal infected content to the periradicular tissues and subcutaneous emphysema . PERIODONTAL CONSIDERATIONS Decrease in salivation and dryness of mouth are few of the risk factors responsible for the development of caries lesions. Dryness of the mouth can be due to breathing of dry compressed gases in the aircraft. 32There is increased risk of periodontal diseases because of xerostomia. ORAL SURGERY When maxillary teeth are extracted, the dental surgeons should always rule out the existence of an oroantral communication as it can lead to sinusitis when exposed to a pressure changing environment .33 PREVENTION Caries excavations and restorations should be completed before airtravel. Leaky restorations should be replaced. During the restoration of a carious tooth, a thorough examination of the floor of the cavity should be done to rule out any penetration leading to the pulp chamber. In such cases a protective cavity liner should be applied (e.g. glass-ionomer cement) . During multi-visit endodontic treatment, the temporary restoration must be placed properly .When oroantral communication is diagnosed; referral to an oral surgeon for its closure is indicated.9 Cuspal coverage crowns could also be a preventive measure.Resin cements are preferred for cementation,as they give better retention. During flight, chewing gum or candy will increase salivation and prevent dryness in mouth. CONCLUSION There has been a tremendous increase in air travellers viz pilots, aircrew personnel, air passengers, flight attendants and leisure pilots. Special precautions must be taken during endodontic, restorative, prosthodontic and oral maxillo facial surgical treatments for the aircrew patients to prevent any kind of in -flight incapabilities leading to serious issues. Aviation dentistry is an emerging science which has been much neglected .With air travel gaining popularity, the in-flight dental hazards cannot be ignored anymore. The dental clinicians should take an initiative to raise awareness levels and sensitize the air travellers about this issue. The need of the hour is to promote diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines to the aviation industry to ensure wellness of air travellers.

Theories addressing learning styles Essay -- essays papers

Theories addressing learning styles There are several different learning styles and theories about approaching them. Some students learn better through one or more of the learning styles than another. As Rita Dunn of St. John’s University says, â€Å"A students best â€Å"modality† for learning may be visual, auditory, or tactile, according to the speakers†(Walton,1991). An auditory learner may learn better through hearing material spoken. A visual learner learns better by reading instructions to himself. And finally, a tactile learner will usually learn most effectively when they are able to use models or things that they can touch or manipulate. Technology supports these three learning styles; auditory, visual and tactile. Animated graphics of computer software support the needs of visual learners. Not just in a regular classroom can children benefit through visual aids, but also in a music classroom. Amy Casey, a former elementary teacher in the Kansas City school district said, â€Å"My exper iences in my own classroom have proven that integrating technology into the music curriculum entices students to actively engage in learning† (2005). Setting up music centers in a classroom allows students to learn to use technology in various ways. Children are able to learn how to read music or learn the piano keys with the use of a computer. Students who excel through auditory learning may use technology so regularly they do not realize how beneficial it is to them. Auditory learners may prefer to listen to a book on tape or sing a song about numbers or multiplication facts. These are all ways to reach out to the auditory learner in a classroom. Technology in the classroom also enhances the skills of tactile learners with the use of a keyboard o... ... from the World Wide Web:http://search.epnet.com Serim, Ferdi. Building Virtual Communties for Professional Development. www.ed.gove/technology/futures/serim.html Schank, Roger. Futureperspective- A vision of Education for the 21st Century. www.thejournal.com/magazine/vault/A2598.cfm www.aten.scps.kl2fl.us www.nces.ed.gov/quicktables/details.asp?key1069 Fine, L. (January, 2002). Writing takes a digital turn for special-needs students. Education Weekly. Retrieved April 22, 2005 from the World Wide Web: https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2001/01/30/20wordte ch.h21.html?querystring=assistive%20technology Walton, S. (November, 1991). Experts urge teachers to adapt to students’ learning styles. Education Weekly. Retrieved April 22, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.edweek.org/ewarticles/1991/11/23/20wordtechh21.html

Human Trafficking and the Tvpa

Falling in a Gray Area: Human Trafficking Victims and When to Treat Them as Human Beings Though slavery has continuously existed in some form throughout history, it has only been in the past century and a half or so that humanity has legally acknowledged that the idea of owning another person is unjust. This relatively new legal conscience has become apparent in the various laws banning the validity that a person can be property, an object.However, these laws have not eradicated slavery, as is seen by the scores of young men and women rescued from this particular brand of evil each year. In 2000, Congress attempted to address a modernized version of slavery, human trafficking, by creating a new act, called the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, also known as the TVPA. â€Å"Unfortunately, there is almost universal consensus that the Trafficking Act, while well-intentioned, has thus far failed to make sufficient strides in addressing the problem of human trafficking, either internat ionally or domestically† (Chacon: 2006, 2978).Though catching the perpetrators responsible for creating completely broken trafficking victims is of the highest importance, that justice should not come at the cost of further punishing those victims, as happens sometimes as a result of the TVPA. This paper examines the TVPA, highlighting which groups are left unacknowledged, how victims are left unprotected, and offers possible solutions for changes so these young men and women have a chance to make a better life than that which has been given them. In this realm of international organized crime, perception is everything, and that is emphasized throughout these explanations.Before delving into laws dealing with human trafficking, effective or ineffective, and the issues surrounding it, one must first get an overview of sex trafficking, and how this is related to immigration. Human trafficking is the â€Å"recruitment and transportation of a person for the purpose of exploitatio n† (Raffaelli), any kind of movement of people where there is a victim who feels helpless and is manipulated, and an offender profits from the victim feeling this way, to a degree that the victim feels going to authorities will not solve anything.A subset of human trafficking is sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is human trafficking, with the added component that the victim is â€Å"trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation,† (Raffaelli) overwhelmingly against the victim’s will. Another subset of human trafficking is slave labor, where the victim is used as a slave to makes goods or to provide services not of a sexual nature. â€Å"In each case [of human trafficking] the victim perceives himself or herself as defenseless, perceives a lack of support from U. S. uthorities and, thus, never attempts to report the abuse to law enforcement† (McCabe 2). Perception is already important because the victim perceives that law enforcement will not help them, a nd that resistance is useless. The TVPA of 2000 focuses mainly on sex trafficking rather than human trafficking as a whole, due to the fact that this form of trafficking leaves a victim completely broken because of the tactics used by traffickers. Traffickers promise their victims, usually young women, a good life in America.Once in America, all forms, papers, and visas to show a legal presence are taken away from the victims, and the traffickers begin the slow process of breaking the victims down by a vicious cycle of rape, threats, and physical and verbal abuse. Before the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, most US Legislation dealing with human and sex trafficking focused on curtailing immigration, and punishing trafficking victims as prostitutes. Trafficking victims had no protection, only fear, persecution, dislocation, and the high chance of criminal charges and deportation.Because traffickers take away all forms of identification, papers, and visas, victims would be viewed as illegal immigrants, and treated as such. At that time, the only legislative body fighting for the victims was the United Nations (UN). The UN was the driving force behind global reform for trafficking, acknowledging that human trafficking was and is a global problem, and a country like the United States viewing trafficking as a domestic problem would only create loopholes for the traffickers. Within the first couple pages, the TVPA has already, despite how unknowing, excluded a portion of the victims of sex trafficking.The act has a second, smaller bill written in, called the Violence Against Women Act of 2000. Portraying only women as victims is not only sexist and simple minded, but dangerous as well. â€Å"Traffickers primarily target women and girls† (22 USC Sec. 102(b)(1)). If young men do not entertain the possibility that they themselves could become victims, their arrogance could be what ensures their victimization. â€Å"Men and boys who are sexually explo ited must come to terms with not only the physical and emotional trauma of repeated rape and abuse, but their own conflicted sexuality and masculinity afterwards.Amanda Kloer, anti-trafficking activist, writes that this added stigma prevents them from coming forward and seeking assistance, which further compounds the problem of a lack of information regarding the exploitation of men† (Clymer). Though going into the stigma of lacking masculinity is off topic, it is worth stating that these ideals have only perpetuated the violence, and therefore victimization, against both men and women. Certain men believe that to be masculine, he must show strength, which sometimes includes beating his wife.If a man’s strength, aka that which makes him masculine, is seemingly stripped from him, he is to be shunned and his failure is to be made an example to others who would attempt to ignore this rule of society. Perception is highly important when it comes to stopping human traffickin g. When the TVPA starts compounding with U. S. immigration law to mess with the mind picture the average American has of human trafficking, criminal activity that could be stopped is completely missed, with many Americans not realizing what has happened.Another group of victims not acknowledged under the TVPA are those that entered the country willingly, maybe even legally. This is usually considered human smuggling, and is therefore not seen as equivalent with human trafficking. â€Å"The journey may begin in the same way. Some trafficking victims begin their journey in an act of smuggling, as they freely undertake a decision to pay someone to assist them in crossing the border into the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chacon: 2006, 2986).These people are voluntary migrants who usually, after entering the United States, find themselves in a situation, working under certain conditions for which their consent was never given. Dealing with consent in the TVPA is more like a dance than an outright statement: â€Å"†¦the TVPA makes no specific provisions concerning the role of victim consent. It is an open question under the TVPA whether the consent of the individual to some element of the act of trafficking obviates the conclusion that the individual is a victim of a ‘severe form of trafficking’† (Chacon: 2006, 2984-2985).It would seem as though much of this act would depend upon whether consent was given, but upon closer inspection, that is a ridiculous statement. No one, except possibly a person who is drastically mentally ill, would willingly consent to being a victim of sex trafficking. If you are acknowledged as a victim by the TVPA, the act will then attempt to extend protection to you. If the victims of human trafficking feel safe and cared for, those victims are more likely to become witnesses that have the potential to send away their victimizers for life, or at least the next twenty years.Foreign victims that qualify for this prote ction are eligible to ‘special services’ under the Attorney General Guidelines for Victim and Witness Assistance, 2005. Article IX deals with the extra care and assistance granted to victims of human trafficking. They are usually given necessary medical care, measures to protect them from their victimizers, direction to legal services, translation services, and immigration benefits. The immigration benefits usually end in multiple-year visas, such and the T and U visas.Of course, just because a victim is officially recognized as such does not mean that person is inherently due protection and relief. â€Å"Much of the literature diagnosing the domestic shortcomings of the TVPA focuses upon the legal barriers to relief that are encountered by trafficking victims in the United States. The proposed solutions focus on improving the identification and assistance of trafficking victims†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chacon: 2006, 2979). One of the greatest shortcomings of the TVPA is that as sistance to trafficking victims is greatly limited.There are three basic contingencies as to whether an adult trafficking victim will receive aid from the United States government. These three contingencies apply to foreign adult victims of trafficking. The first is if the victim has been subject to the TVPA’s definition of a severe form of trafficking. â€Å"The services are available to a person who meets the definition of a victim of a severe form of trafficking, without regard to whether an indictment is eventually filed, or whether any indictment that is filed includes trafficking statutes† (Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center 9).Understanding that requires a look back at the law’s definition of â€Å"severe trafficking. † Severe trafficking is a form of sex trafficking in which â€Å"a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not yet attained 18 years of age†¦through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery† (22 USC Sec. 103(8)(A-B)). Debt bondage is the most common of these, as it is the easiest to commit.A smuggler agrees to smuggle a family or individual to America, but once in America, the smuggler explains that the price unexpectedly went up, and the family or individual must now work off their debt. This degree of human trafficking â€Å"automatically includes all persons under eighteen who are forced into sex acts, but the blanket protection of children extends no further† (Chacon: 2006, 2985). The second is connected to the victim’s immigration status, which is a reference to the fact that the vast majority of human trafficking victims in the United States are foreigners that were either brought to the U.S. against their will, or came willingly under a completely different pretext. If the latter is true, it’s more than likely that all the victim’s papers are in the hands of the perpetrators, and their visa probably expired. The third contingency is the victim’s willingness to assist law enforcement to ensure that human traffickers are properly and swiftly brought to justice. If an adult victim complies with all three criteria, then that person qualifies for the protections previously mentioned. Dealing directly with perception, â€Å"†¦U. S. aw and policy actually facilitate the trafficking of human beings into and within the United States† (Misery and Myopia 2979). U. S. immigration policy not only allows this to happen, but compliments human trafficking in such a way that the evil perfection is eerie. Most of the U. S. Immigration policy is based upon the perception that foreigners are bad and evil, while native United States citizens are good and just. Vast oversimplifications such as this are more dangerous than anything else, and will only perpetuate a cycle of violence.Mos t Americans do not realize that human and sex trafficking is not just a foreign thing that happens in the red light district of Cambodia, or India, or in Eastern European nations. Though human trafficking does happen in those places, it also is taking place in the United States everyday. â€Å"The image of trafficking as a foreign evil perpetrated by minorities and migrants has at least two collateral effects that actually complicate rather than complement antitrafficking efforts† (Chacon: 2010, 1631). One of the many possible solutions to help better these laws is to not only focus on the end result of sex trafficking, i. . a satisfied client and the traffickers being paid, but on how the situation has evolved to that point, i. e. the manipulation and coercion of young men and women into a lifestyle of being victimized. â€Å"To truly address all forms of human trafficking, state criminal laws must shift the focus from what type of labor or services trafficking victims are forced to perform and the relative merits of that work and exploitation to the exploitative actions traffickers use to gain and maintain control over their victims† (Barnhart 130).Domestically speaking, many perpetrators, or ‘pimps,’ go through a process of grooming their victims to become unwilling prostitutes. This usually takes several months, and involves emotional manipulation. Though this process is nigh on impossible to catch when dealing with international human trafficking, it is nonetheless an important process. Many human traffickers have specific areas from which they pick their victims. These areas are usually at or below the poverty line, as young men and women with tall dreams and no money are easy to manipulate, and most in the neighborhood would assume the victim ran away.If local law enforcement officials in those areas are trained to recognize this process of grooming, international human trafficking will suffer. This specifically has been somew hat addressed in an amendment from 2007, where the U. S. Department of State spoke to the other countries of the world to set forth minimum standards to properly eliminate human trafficking around the globe. Though these standards are not nearly as high as they ought to be, the standards are a step in the right direction.These standards give hope that this paper will be completely proven wrong within the next few years. Though it is interesting that the U. S. Department of State require of other countries something which it has not yet achieved: â€Å"†¦whether the government of the country protects victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons†¦and ensures that victims are not inappropriately incarcerated, fined, or otherwise penalized solely for unlawful acts as a direct result of being trafficked† (Trafficking in Persons Report).Another solution is not law-based, but anthropologically based. Most Americans stubbornly refuse to believe that sex trafficking is happening within America, domestic or internationally. If the average American were to look at the average busy street corner in a large city, the average American would not be looking for victims, but instead would be looking for reasons to judge the women parading their bodies. Some of those women, on that street corner, would be trafficking victims.The more aware the average American is on this issue that immigrants are very likely victims of human and sex trafficking, the faster perceptions will change as to who is ‘good’ or ‘bad’ in the issue of immigration. Criminalization of immigrants, handled spectacularly by current immigration policy, will only serve to further exacerbate the problem with mistreating victims of human trafficking. The problem seems to be not thinking of immigrants as humans. Treatment of migrants is†¦increasingly dichotomous: either a noncitizen qualifies as a trafficking victim†¦or the noncitizen is a smuggled migrantâ € ¦If the individual falls in a gray area—between an outright victim of â€Å"severe† trafficking and a smuggled migrant who is subject of everyday forms of labor exploitation—the government’s approach has been to treat the gray-area case as one involving a voluntary migrant who is not eligible for the protections available to trafficking victims† (Chacon: 2010, 1635).This is simply untrue, and these victims do not deserve such treatment. The vast majority of victimized immigrants fall in this grey area, causing further victimization by a legal system that was designed to protect the innocent, and bring their oppressors to justice. Further legislation must properly provide for the victims in the gray areas, and deliver appropriate protection to ensure the victim’s future well being.Though the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 has had improvements in the past twelve years, at its foundation lies an act that fails to adequately ackno wledge and protect the victims of sex trafficking. There have been alterations and additions to the TVPA since 2000 which has addressed a few of the issues outlined in this paper. Progress has been made, continues to be made, and there is definite hope that after a short time, human and sex trafficking will no longer be able to hide in the shadows that so greatly inhibits its detection.However, this act, as well as most law enforcement and legislators, fails to acknowledge that perception is everything when dealing with human trafficking. The right perception is important to keep as many people from becoming victims as possible and to ensure that an anti-immigrant sentiment is not perpetuated unnecessarily. Works Cited Barnhart, Melynda H. â€Å"Sex and Slavery: An Analysis of Three Models of State Human Trafficking Legislations. † 16 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 83 (2009).Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Clymer, Beth. â€Å"Why Human Trafficking Is a Men's Issue. †Ã‚  Meet Justice. Me etjustice. org, 25 May 2011. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . Chacon, Jennifer M. â€Å"Misery and Myopia: Understanding the Failures of U. S. Efforts to Stop Human Trafficking. † Fordham Law Review. 74 Fordham L. Rev. 2977 (2006), 1 Jan. 2006.Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Chacon, Jennifer M. â€Å"Tensions and Trade-offs: Protecting Trafficking Victims in the Era of Immigration Enforcement. †Ã‚  University of Pennsylvania Law Review  158. 6 (2010): 1609-653. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Human Smuggling and

IMC Plan.List of assumptions and Potential competitors Essay Essays

IMC Plan.List of assumptions and Potential competitors Essay Essays IMC Plan.List of assumptions and Potential competitors Essay Paper IMC Plan.List of assumptions and Potential competitors Essay Paper Ranbuild is a company in Newcastle. Australia that is in the concern of providing steel edifices. The company was formed in 1949 by Neil Statham. Ranbuild has been in this concern for about 65 old ages functioning Australian and the universe market. Initially. Ranbuild started by bring forthing managing equipment and horizontal grain sheds that were specialized ( Ranbuild. 2014 ) . Neil Statham the laminitis of Ranbuild went to Middle East in 1971 and managed to secure gross revenues of over one hundred 1000 sheds. When he returned to Australia. Neil Statham developed back to endorse C subdivision together with applied scientist Charles Resersky that would cut down three-dimensional weight for transporting. In the early70s. Ranbuidld became a public company. Subsequently on it was purchased by Acquila Group. Acquila Group subsequently on sold it to Kerry Parker. Ranbuild bought a axial rotation forming machine that would bring forth stone bolts and guard tracks. It besides gave Neil Statham back a subdivision of edifice in the concern. It was that edifice subdivision that subsequently on became R A ; N Steel Building. R A ; N Steel Buildings became what is today called Ranbuild. Ranbuild is presently bring forthing assorted merchandises and selling them to equine. domestic. rural and commercial markets. It regards itself as the ultimate leader in fancied edifice industry. Authorized traders of Ranbuild continue sharing the success and the growing of the company. In 2004. Ranbuild was purchased by Lysaght Solutions Pty Ltd. Lysaght Solutions Pty Ltd is a subordinate to the full owned by BlueScope Steel. BlueScope Steel is a edifice company that is one of the largest edifice company in Australia and bids respect because of it outstanding record or dependability. service and high quality merchandises ( Ranbuild2014 ) . Ranbuild continues to place themselves as the leaders in the market by constructing a professional image and offering quality trade name to their clients. Ranbuild has partnership with a web of traders that server their client with satisfaction. This leads to increase in profitableness every bit good as market portion to Ranbuild and other traders ( Ranbuild2014 ) . Target market Ranbuild Company targets B2B markets. This makes it necessary for Ranbuild to understand assorted features of concern industries in Singapore. For them to recognize their end they should recognize that their mark market in Singapore have different features compared to constructing industries in Australia. It is advisable for the company to analyse carefully the features of their clients in Singapore. After the analysis. Ranbuild cam mark building. existent estate development company. contractor and hardware resellers. List of premises In order to make an incorporate selling program. several premises are formed. An premise is information that is required but can non be accessed or given out easy. This means that premises may be different from the world of the state of affairs. In some instances it may reflect the state of affairs of twelvemonth 2014. It is assumed that in 2014. the demand for building and other merchandises related to building will be stable and strong in Singapore market. Ranbuild bases to profit from companies that will be seeking for building merchandises to spread out and upgrade their concern. It is assumed that over one twelvemonth. the economic system of Australia and Singapore will be stable. The stableness of an economic system has a important impact on enlargement of ( Mole. 2012 ) . The monetary values that Ranbuild charges for their merchandise are taken to be the same or at the same degree with that of Singapore market. This makes Ranbuild’s merchandise to be competitory. Due to sensitiveness of monetary values concerns are advised non to increase their monetary value above other concerns in the same market. Ranbuild’s merchandises are said to follow with safety demand in Singapore and other Torahs and ordinances. It is assumed that B2B customer’s penchant is receptive ; hence clients in Singapore will work or utilize Ranbuild merchandises. Throughout twelvemonth 2014. the fiscal position of Ranbuild. its clients in Singapore and Suppliers is said to stay stable. Monetary values charged by Ranbuild are expected to stay stable throughout the twelvemonth 2014. In Singapore. market growing and chance is said to be stable or travel to a greater degree. It is assumed that production cost is non included. Potential rivals Primary rivals Primary rivals refer to companies that have the ability of supplying about indistinguishable merchandises or services. A good illustration in building market is Ranbuild. Some of Ranbuild rivals include ; 3D Shed-n-patios 3D Shed-n-patios has been in operation for more than 23 old ages. It is a good recognized shed edifice trade name. Their quoting system gives them a batch of strength since they are able to place different tendencies and at the same clip fulfill their clients. They are able to fulfill their clients by usage of high engineering characteristics in their merchandises. 3D Shed-n-patios stuffs are backed by BlueScope Steel which at the same clip is a keeping company of Ranbuild ( 3D Sheds-n-Patios. 2014 ) . This is seen as a defect in the operations of Ranbuild. This company has been able to diversify their sheds and continues to diversify in a better manner than Ranbuild which produces fewer types of sheds. Another failing of Ranbuild is the fact that they have hapless selling scheme which can be seen from the few communications and societal networking solutions ( Clow. 2013 ) . The Shed Company It is one of the taking sheds in edifice concern. It derives its strength from its design. installations and supply. They besides have many designs that include forms and colour. However. the caducous company is presently seeking and working hard to understand and speak to their clients Queens Shed Market Queens Shed Market has over 11 old ages of experience in the edifice industry. The company has accomplished assorted diversified operations every bit good as undertakings. It gives full guarantee for all their merchandises to clients. It besides has a steadfast entree to build- in doors and other types of merchandises ( Francia. 2014 ) . Secondary rivals refer to houses that deal with merchandises or services that may be used as replacement to what Ranbuild produces. Some of the companies that may impact Ranbuild include ; 1. Parasol Steel pte ltd 2. Professional plastic Inc. Overview of selling mix Merchandise Ranbuild sell merchandises of high quality. This is because their providers. BlueScope Lysaght is known globally for covering with premium steel and merchandise ( Lysaght. 2014 ) . Quality of Ranbuild’s merchandises is widely known and it is an recognized fact that they are long lasting. Monetary value Ranbuild web site does non incorporate monetary values for their merchandises. However. their clients can inquire from their advisers in their web site the monetary value scope. Ranbuild gives a service called â€Å"Ranbuild better wage. † This option is applicable merely when one purchases merchandises that are above AU $ 500. This service enables clients to see improved convenience and besides enable them to fit it with their hard currency flows. Ranbuild better wage gives up to one twelvemonth involvement free refund period ( Ranbuild2014 ) . Topographic point Ranbuild has dealership in Singapore. This means that their merchandises are sold through authorized traders and non straight to clients. This is done throughout Australia ( Kelley. 2012 ) . Promotion Ranbuild frequently introduces new offers and new publicities that enhance client satisfaction. It besides increases trade name individuality by usage of selling tools like web site. societal media account. booklets. web logs and e-newsletter ( Ranbuild2014 ) . Ranbuild presently launched a Weaco Ice Box 2013 publicity. This is a premium ice box for orders placed between December up to February 2014 ( Ranbuild2014 ) ( Refer to Appendix1 ) Promotion mix Tradeshows Ranbuild holds tradeshows in exhibition yearly in Singapore. The intent of tradeshows is to link with their clients. stakeholders and providers that may necessitate airdock. industrial edifices. shelters and gallery. These tradeshows give their client a opportunity to measure the merchandise and its quality. They besides get a opportunity to inquire inquiries and give feedback to the company ( Chandra. 2000 ) . Newspaper Ranbuild should utilize newspapers that have a batch of adverts in building. This is a good advertisement media to make local market. It provides a good gross revenues lead since clients can read catalogs. They can bespeak gross revenues individuals to name them back and besides do purchase on web sites. Personal merchandising Personal merchandising is a good manner of making consciousness about the trade name and besides draws attending of clients to the company’s merchandise. It will besides enable Ranbuild acquire information from their clients straight. Personalized merchandising will enable Ranbuild make a specialised selling scheme in future in Singapore. Booklet This enables a company to increase the attending of their clients towards their merchandises. They besides inform clients about the merchandise inside informations. merchandise scopes and other particular offers ( Chandra. 2000 ) . Appendix 1 Mentions Brown. M. ( n. d. ) . Products. Stainless Steel Plate Supplier. Distributor A ; Stockholder. Retrieved March 1. 2014. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. brownmac. com/singapore/products/ Chandra. A. . A ; Thompson. E. ( 2000 ) . Does public substructure affect economic activity? : Evidence from the rural interstate main road system. Regional Science and Urban Economics. 30 ( 3 ) . 457-490. Clow. K. E. . A ; Baack. D. ( 2013 ) . Integrated advertisement. publicity A ; selling communications ( 6th ed. ) . Upper Saddle River. N. J. : Pearson Prentice Hall. Francia. A. ( n. d. ) . Francia Virtual Home. Sun sunglassess. Retrieved January 19. 2014. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mnjss. com/index. php Kelley. L. D. . A ; Jugenheimer. D. W. ( 2012 ) . Advertising media planning: a trade name direction attack ( 3rd ed. ) . Armonk. N. Y. : M. E. Sharpe. Lee. M. . A ; Johnson. C. ( 2012 ) . Principles of publicizing a planetary position ( 2nd ed. ) . New York: Haworth Press. Ministry of Trade and Industry. Singapore. ( 2013. February 19 ) . Economic study of Singapore 2012. Ministry of Trade and Industry. Singapore. Retrieved January 19. 2014. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mti. gov. sg/ResearchRoom/SiteAssets/Pages/Economic-Survey-of-Singapore-2012/FullReport_AES2012. pdf Beginning papers

buy custom Culture and Medicine essay

buy custom Culture and Medicine essay Introduction Since the beginning of time, human beings have held culture and belief systems that explain issues in their lives according to Gordon (2006). Some of the issues include the essence of life, existence of a supreme being, origin of disease and so on. In the documentary Hold your breath by Dr. Monsen, an Afghan migrant named Mohammed Kochi is faced with a dilemma of whether to trust the doctors for his cancer treatment or Allah whom he believes that he is the answer to his disease. In this study, we are going to focus on ways in which cultural systems affect the issue of treatment, the issues surrounding cultural diversity and the social effect of combining medicine and culture. This documentary is based on a story of a person with a deep sense of religious background and cultural system. The main character, Kochi is an immigrant from the Arab world and lives in the United States. Throughout his life he is seen to have gone from predicament to another notably seeking asylum in the foreign country. With no English language familiarity the aspect of communication posses a great challenge to him and he relies on the family for translation. The biggest challenge comes about when he is diagnosed with cancer. This situation makes him to be in a big dilemma of how it originated and how he was to deal with that situation. It goes without saying that he thought the disease was a role of the Supreme Being and his will is the suffers from the same. Furthermore the medical explanation is complicated more with the factor he is not conversant with the medical language and English. However, with the family members acting as the interpreter the magnitude of the diseases effect is compromised on the patient as he shuns chemotherapy and embarks on a pilgrimage as shown by Grainger- Monsen (2005). So how does culture belief patter affect medical treatment? We are going to see that it affects in three general ways namely hindering of communication and explanation of the diseases origin, the treatments and management as well as the social settings surrounding the patients and their relationships. Communication is the first step in diagnosing any ailment or disease that a doctor is presented. This is compromised in the beginning when the patient, Kochi, uses the family members who have a denial-oriented mindset about diseases and their origin. The tuth of the matter is that the patient is suffering from cancer but the family is likely to have misinformed him about the extent of the damage that the disease is likely to cause. This is portrayed with the reaction of the patient who instead of taking the news seriously and respond immediately decides to seek divine intervention and makes way to Hajj. This portrays the explanation that cultural and religious doctrines teach on the origin and explanations of diseases and ailments. According to the study by Gordon et.al, different religions, race and even physical settings are likely to explain the reasons why diseases come about using different approaches. Religion for instance Islam and Hinduism tend to believe that the reason why disease and ailments come about is by the victim having committed a crime against God or the family tree is condemned and the disease is to be solved by prayer. Although not all of the people of the faith believe so, a good number have a conviction that it is the reason. In the same report, the reaction of African American communities is different from the Arabic oriented culture as well as the Caucasian society. As a matter of fact, many people attribute disease and illnesses to four different causes namely factors within the individuals themselves like bad habits, mental or psychological stress, , factors of the environment like pollution dirty environment as well as germs, factors associated with the social world like other peoples roles and lastly supernatural factors like the supreme being or God. In the case of Kochi, the family tends to focus on the religious aspect completely ignoring the aspect that the patient needs urgent chemotherapy and is dying from it sooner or later. Although there is some truth about the existence of miracle or unusual happenings even in the medical grounds when people heal or dont show previous symptoms, the happenings are minute and are not much to account for. In fact the daughter of Kochi in this case blames the culturally insensitive doctors for letting the father be confused with the treatment. The biggest effect which the cultural explanations have on the medical treatment ids the medical intervention sought by the victims. Just as it is in the case of interpreting the origin of the disease, the victims also look for intervention and treatment from places that are in tandem with their belief systems. Some religious cultures pprohibit their member from seeking medical care from westernized medical redress systems. Hospitalization and use of drugs that are manufactured is considered taboo. In fact some of the religious extremists dont seek any medical attention at all. This brings complications and the diseases are likely to advance to stages where intervention is too late. The director of the documentary Grainger-Monsen (2005) in an interview says that in the medical field some patients regret about the reluctance they have while others dont show any to their graves. In the case of Mr. Kochi it was the case of a little too late because the family realized that the situation would have been much easier if handled in proper and medically testes ways. Cultures are here to stay and the effect of their principles are felt in all aspects of life ranging from social lifestyle, economy and lifestyle as well as the medicinal values, Srivastava (2007). This is because of the mindset that the people who have the beliefs posses. That may be enough justification for them to be engraved in the practices that not only endangering their lives but also the people surrounding them. However it is important to give a difference between myth and fact because that is the only way to face that problem through education and fact telling. The case of Kochi perfectly show the culture clash of the medicinal practice whereby the victim believe that the healing process is divine but on the other hand the medical world relies on the symptoms and evidence that the body of the patient shows to determine the disease and prescribe the medicines for it. In addition to that, the social aspect of the culture clashes with the medical theories and practices. The documentary of Mohammed Kochi which displays the effect of belief systems and the conflict of interest with the medical ground is an eye opener. But it is important that the facts and myths be put on the table to solve the increasing situations of culture-medicine clash in the world. In conclusion, all humans have a culture that they hold on to. It can be formal or informal conscious or otherwise but fact is that everybody has one. Mohammed Kochis story about the clash of Muslim faith and medicine is one example of the conflict of interest in this scenario. But with all outstanding situation truth about medicines must be justified with the best healing processes ever. Buy custom Culture and Medicine essay

Freedom Riders Movie Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom Riders Movie Analysis - Assignment Example The assignment "Freedom Riders Movie Analysis" talks about the film "Freedom Riders" of 1961 by analyzing a story of more than 400 Americans who took part in a bold and a grievous exercise to arouse the conscience of a complacent nation. The fight for freedom lasted for six months, from May-November 1961. The documentary does not only record the actions of these young activists but also reminds the audience about the immense struggle to change the law. The producer of the documentary, Stanley Nelson Earl, was born in 1951 in the New York City of United States of America. He graduated from the Leonard Davis Films School in 1976, having attained a degree in Fine Arts. After school, he got employed by William Greaves filmmaker. Currently, Nelson works with the Fire Media as an Executive Director of the firm. His most notable films are The murder of Emmett Till, Freedom Riders, Wounded Knee, and A place of Our Own in 2004 among others. In the year 1961, most parts of the South public were still fractioned into areas for whites and blacks, despite the Supreme Court ruling that racial segregation was against the law. The Civil Rights Movement was at a turning point. President John Kennedy's administration had done very little concerning segregation, though the President was speaking in favor of civil rights. A group of student activists, both whites and blacks stepped forward to push for desegregation. These activists were traveling together by bus to the segregation-affected areas.

Social Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Impact - Essay Example In this age of high and advanced technology, people have constantly come to interact with the media in every day of their lives (Farmer, 2001). People are now constantly being flooded with messages, thus the media has emerged as influential on the activities and thoughts of individuals and of the global society as a whole. Usually the message sent is in a variety of forms, including the currently popular short message service, and they are perpetuated by large corporations. Gender inequality: a social impact of new communication technologies Gender inequality is an important social impact that arises out of the use of new communication technology; it has regularly been observed that it increases with the increase in the latter. When one sex subordinates to then other one, then this is referred to as sexism, in most societies of the world female usually subordinate to the male. This not only leads to objectification of the females but also marginalization, as this happening, men incre ase their wealth, privilege, social power and opportunity. Advertisements on televisions and on the internet intensify the myth that the toys used by boys should be those that reflect power and authorities, girls’ toys are usually dolls only. ... There are several theories developed by communication and journalism experts to analyze such perspectives, the analysis of the media, and gender inequality as a social impact of new communication technologies and tools. People are always in continuous battle over power and resources, this is the conflict theory. This theory gives the implied explanation for this increasing and blatant societal bias that is heavily influenced by the media. It is often stated that publishing and broadcasting companies are under the control of a small bunch of individuals; these companies only help to perpetuate only their interests and a few other biased views. This theory points out that unlike men, women do not hold privileged or influential positions of power; this naturally follows that women would be portrayed as naturally weak to so that men increase their control over the society. Conflict theory is further augmented by materialist theory in explaining gender inequality as brought about by new t echnologies in communication (Mooney, 2011). The theory offers a compelling justification of the increasing gender inequality, by using cross cultural information on the exact position of the male and female genders. They define gender inequality as a consequent of the way the society views and holds men and women in an economic structure. These theories offer control and distribution of important resources as critical data in giving out stratification. The roles of the female members of the society is often looked down upon notwithstanding their importance to their society, these are often devalued. Conventional media has stereotypically painted

Global Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Marketing - Assignment Example Culture is recognised to be an essential factor which imposes considerable impact upon the entire performance of the organisations (Lee & Carter, 2009; Bardhan & et. al., 2006). Culture is recognised to be an essential element on the basis of which the different magnitudes of human behaviour are determined. Culture comprises different elements that include belief, morals, knowledge, art and customs among others. These are various elements that depict the culture of a particular society. Moreover, culture is based on different macro environmental factors including social, economic, political and religious beliefs. In this regard, people of a society develop cultural values, behaviour and beliefs on the basis of the aforementioned factors (Soares & et. al., 2007). Culture is based on various concepts such as attitudes, values and ideas through which people perform various actions in a society. The cultural values and beliefs are usually shared amid the people of a society according to which individuals develop their ethnic values and purchasing behaviour (Belshek, 2004). Global marketing is often regarded as an appropriate strategy which adopt by business originations with the intention of conducting diverse operational functions effectively on a global context. Presently, there are various factors that can be viewed to be responsible for business organisations to execute their respective operations successfully in overseas business market segments. In this regard, these factors comprise minimised or unrestricted trade barriers, multilateral agreements in relation to trade activities and prevalence of common business market conditions. Culture is often recognised to play an imperative role in supporting the organisations towards making effective decisions. Business organisations, in order to execute their respective operational functions or activities efficiently in the worldwide market segments, are required to possess adequate knowledge in relation to fundament al and cultural values. In this respect, organisations having adequate knowledge in relation to cultural values will be able to operate their business operations with greater efficiency. It is worth mentioning that organisations, with appropriate understanding and knowledge about cultural values and beliefs will be facilitated with the opportunity of formulating along with executing effective marketing strategies towards the accomplishment of predetermined business targets (Vogt, 2013; Kotabe & Hesen, 2010; Gillespie & et. al., 2010; Lee & Carter, 2009). Culture should be considered in global marketing as the present business market scenario or the market conditions is recognised to be changing frequently due to several factors. The foremost factors for the change in the market conditions can be apparently observed as the development of new business markets and the preferences of global consumers that are likely to alter in relation to demographics along with expectations. It has be en viewed that the global marketing activities have changed due to the dissimilar cultural values along with beliefs that holds by the worldwide customers (Keegan, 2011; Lee & Carter, 2009; Passaris, 2006; Picard, 2004). Thus, it can be affirmed that the market conditions of global market are often predicted to remain much dependent

United States and Israel Essay Example for Free

United States and Israel Essay The Israeli government, unlike the United States, is a multiparty Parliamentary Republic. It runs as nonfederalist government and acts as the central government in Jerusalem. The ultimate authority does not lie in the Constitution like most democratic countries nor the executive branch. The ultimate authority in Israel is the legislative branch—the Knesset. The country has no written Constitution. Government activities and policies are guided by the basic laws passed by the Parliament. The government has three main branches: the executive, the legislative or the Knesset and the judiciary. Unlike a democratic state, these three branches of the government do not hold equal powers. The President has limited power and is not even elected by the people. The President is elected by the Knesset and may serve for a maximum of two terms, each having five year duration. He serves as head of the state but only holds ceremonial functions such as opening the Knessets first session and receiving diplomatic representatives from other countries (MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia n. pag. ). The judiciary on the other hand decides cases and sees to it that justice is met. The legislative on the other hand is the most powerful body of government. They create the law and control all government processes. It is composed of 120 members who serve on a four year term. Its main function is to determine the members’ confidence in the government. A vote of no confidence is enough to topple the government, however, in Israels history, a vote of no confidence has only happened once—1990 (Jewish Virtual Library n. pag. ). The election process in Israel is not as liberal as in the United States. National elections in Israel happen once every four years and on the municipal level, once every five years. All Israelis who are 18 years old and above have the right of suffrage. However, unlike in the United States where specific individuals are voted for, the Israelis are only allowed to vote for a party. Every party that desire to run for the elections comes up with a list of their candidates and the people choose which list they prefer. The number of candidates from a party that would enter the House of Representatives or the Knesset is proportional to the percentage of votes received by the list. So representation in the Congress is dependent on party support and not really on individual support. In the United States, representation in Congress is not dependent on a certain party list. For someone to claim a seat in the US Senate, he must be at least 30 years old, and resident of the state where he is elected, among others, for the House of Representatives, he must be a resident of the District where he was elected. The US Constitution provides that the Senator and the Congressmen represent the cause of the people within their sector, the members of the Knesset on the other hand do not share the same responsibility. They were not voted to represent a certain district or state, they were voted to create the basic laws for the country and hold the greatest power in the land. In the United States, the powers of Congress are determined by their Constitution. In Israel, the powers of the Knesset are determined by the representatives themselves, the Declaration of Independence and the basic laws of the land (Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia n. pag. ). The citizens in the United States participate freely in the political process as they are granted such right by their Constitution. The Israelis do not enjoy the same right because the Knesset controls the political process. They create the law and give the people limited rights to meddle in the political process, even the Executive branch and the judiciary have limited powers when it comes to the countrys political affairs. Due to the lack of Constitution that will protect their rights, the people of Israel do not have an access to an established and equitable system rule of law. They only have access to the basic laws which were created by the Knesset. This kind of law does not guarantee protection at all times because they are still subject to the whims and caprices of the Knesset. They can easily be abolished and replaced anytime unlike if they have a Constitution, they will have greater rights because it will take a more rigorous process before this law can be amended. A Constitution provides the basic rights of every citizen and equalizes the power of everyone. No one in the Constitution has more power as compared to the other and the implementation of rights provided therein is not subject to the caprices of the law makers. Its stability makes the people more secure that their rights will be protected at all times. The United States, having a Constitution of its own, the people have an access to an established and equitable system of law. However, the absence of a Constitution does not mean that all the rights of the people are already unavailable. The people of Israel exercise the freedom of expression and belief. There is no law that attempts to filter the news that the media conveys, in fact, freedom of the press is deeply enjoyed by communicators. The Declaration of Independence mentions the principle of freedom of expression and secured in the basic law created by the Knesset. Public scrutiny is prevalent in Israeli news. Before 1993, media outfits were government owned but the government decided to change this policy and opened it for private ownership. There are around thirty daily newspapers in Israel, half are written in Hebrew and the other half are written in other languages (MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia n. pag. ). The media in Israel enjoys the same freedom as the media in the United States. They can report on all aspects and can freely criticize the failings of the government. Arab journalists in Palestine or the Middle East do not enjoy the same rights. The country also hosts people a rich mixture of religious groups and each religion has its own school, councils and courts that decides on domestic issues such as marriage and divorce (Jewish Virtual Library n. pag. ). The Israelis also enjoy the freedom to assemble and to associate. They are not prohibited by the government to air out their sentiments to government policies through rallies and protests (Jewish Virtual Library n. pag. ). Socially, Israelis also enjoy freedom. They provide full equality for women they are not discriminated as compared to other Arab countries. They also recognize the differences of sexual orientation. Unlike most societies, homosexuality is not a sin in Israel. People are respected the way other people express themselves or perceive themselves to be. There is also no discrimination in jobs. The Israeli Arabs can be employed to menial jobs and even as Supreme Court Justices (Jewish Virtual Library n. pag. ) In terms of purchasing private property, the government does not restrict its purchase. Contrary to the speculations of some journalists, an Arab or a Jew may buy private property in Israel. There is no discrimination as to race or belief. However, the government prohibits the purchase of state land or those that are owned by the state to both Arabs and Jews. The prohibition is applicable to all. Some journalists and analysts, however, believe otherwise (Middle East Quarterly n. pag. ). Works cited â€Å"Fact Sheets† n. d. Jewish Virtual Library 11 May 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:oI9BaF-Sxd4J: www. jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/talking/36_liberal. html+freedom+to+assemble+and+associate+in+Israelhl=tlct=clnkcd=3gl=phclient=firefox-a â€Å"Israel† n. d. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 11 May 2008 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761575008_8/Israel. html â€Å"The Israeli Government—How Does it Work? † n. d. Jewish Virtual Library. 11 May 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:d_6PPHEkj0sJ:www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/Politics/how_govt_works. html+The+Israeli+Government+How+Does+It+Work%3Fhl=tlct=clnkcd=2gl=phclient=firefox-a Safian, Alexander. 1997 December. â€Å"Can Arabs Buy Land in Israel? † Middle East Quarterly. http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:1bvrvPsLhg4J:www. meforum. org/article/370+private+property+purchase+in+Israelhl=tlct=clnkcd=1gl=phclient=firefox-a â€Å"US Congress† n. d. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 11 May 2008 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761554908_2/Congress. html â€Å"US Government. † n. d. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopeda. 11 May 2008 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_1741500781/United_States_Government. html